RED SHIFT DISCRETIZATION IN THE EPOCHAL COSMOLOGY

An Alternative Cosmology to the Big Bang–Dispersive Extinction Theory of Red Shift

A brief review is given to the fundamental difficulties facing the Big Bang Theory, with the emphases on the geocentric nature, the extreme violation of the conservation laws of mass and energy, the violation of Maxwell’s velocity distribution, the horizon problem, the extreme instability and the dark matter problem. The historical alternatives and their problems are reviewed. The DET is then p...

The Statistical Dynamics of Epochal Evolution

Imaging the Low Red - shift Cosmic Web

The first image of a Cosmic Web, Lyman Limit System has just been made in HI emission within the Local Group filament connecting M31 and M33. The corresponding HI distribution function is in very good agreement with that of the QSO absorption lines, confirming the 30-fold increase in surface area expected between 10 cm and 10 cm. The critical observational challenge is crossing the “HI desert”,...

The shift between the Red Queen and the Red King effects in mutualisms

Interspecific mutualisms consist of partners trading services that yield common benefits to both species. Until now, understanding how the payoffs from mutualistic cooperation are allocated among the participants has been problematic. Two hypotheses have been proposed to resolve this problem. The Red Queen effect argues that faster-evolving species are favoured in co-evolutionary processes beca...

Spherical Scalar Waves and Gravity { Red Shift

This article investigates the interaction of a spherically symmetric massless scalar eld with a strong gravitational eld. It focuses on the propagation of waves in regions outside any horizons. The two factors acting on the waves can be identiied as a redshift and a backscattering. The innuence of backscattering on the intensity of the outgoing radiation is studied and rigorous quantitative upp...